Back to Map

Infections and Infection Prevention

Table of Contents
Next Topic: Graft versus host disease (GVHD)

After a stem cell transplant, the immune system is significantly weakened, making infection prevention a critical part of recovery. Patients are vulnerable to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, especially in the first months after transplant. Staying informed and proactive can help reduce risk and improve outcomes.

Common Infection Risks

  • Bacterial infections – often related to central lines, skin, or gastrointestinal tract

  • Viral infections – can be from virus you have already been exposed in the past such as CMV, EBV, HSV, Varicella, or spread from other people such as the flu

  • Fungal infections – usually from environment that everyone is exposed to but only those with weak immune system cannot fight

Your care team may prescribe antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals as part of your prevention plan. These medications are essential even if you feel well.

Prevention Strategies

  • Practice strict personal hygiene—frequent handwashing, clean linens, and mouth care

  • Follow safe food handling—ask your provider for specific recommendations

  • Take environmental precautions—avoid construction zones, fresh soil, standing water, and live plants

  • Use protective measures—masking in public, avoiding crowds, and limiting visitors

  • Maintain central line care—follow dressing change protocols and report any redness or swelling

What I Wish I Knew

  • That living within a certain mileage of the hospital may be required for a period of time

  • That visit schedules change over time—ask for a rough timeline

  • That support is available—social workers, housing coordinators, and nurse navigators can help

Questions to Ask

  • What infection control measures does my center follow?

  • What are my current restrictions—food, pets, public spaces?

  • Are there guidelines for masking or distancing at home and in public?

  • Can I have pets, and if so, what precautions should I take?

  • What symptoms should I report immediately?

Helpful Tips

  • If you notice any symptoms, call your care team—don’t wait

  • Avoid crowded areas, especially during flu season or outbreaks

  • Be cautious with visitors—ask about recent illness or exposures

  • Let restaurants or public spaces know about your immune status if needed

  • Stay consistent with masking and distancing, even if others aren’t

Next Topic: Graft versus host disease (GVHD)

Disclaimer: This Journey Map is for educational purposes only. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Every patient’s situation is unique, and care decisions should always be made in consultation with your clinical team.

We extend our appreciation to Sanofi and Alexion for their generous partnership and active participation in our community. Their support helped bring patients, caregivers, clinicians, and industry partners together to co-create this Journey Map and improve the transplant experience.

Our Journey Map was created for Patients and Caregivers by Patients and Caregivers. Please share any corrections or additions!